SYNTHESISING THE MANUFACTURED OF AMMONIA AND ITS SALTS!

Synthesising the manufacture of ammonia and its salts.

A)AMMONIA AND ITS PROPERTY.
  
  Main uses of ammonia :

• Manufacture of fertilizers such as ammonium sulphate,ammonium nitrate,ammonium phosphate and urea.
• Manufacture of nitric acid in Oswald Process.
• Manufacture of synthetic fibre and nylon.
• Liquid ammonium is used as cooling reagent in refrigerators.
• Prevent coagulation of latex.

Physical properties of ammonia:

• colourless gas
• pungent smell
• very soluble in water

Chemical properties of ammonia:

• Soluble in water form weak alkali
• channges moist red litmus paper to blue
• Reacts with acids to form ammoinium salts

Process to produce ammonia gas:

1. Manufactured through Haber Process.
2. The raw materials are nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas.
3. Nitrogen gas was obtained from the distillation of liquid air
4. Hydrogen gas was obtained by:

            the reaction of steam with coal(carbon) which is heated

              H2O +CH3 →CO2 + H2(mixture of product is known as water gas)

           

            the reaction of steam with natural gas(that contains methane,CH4)

              H2O +CH4 → CO2 +4H2

Haber Pricess occurs with:

1. Nitrogen gas was mixed with pure and dry hydrogen gas with a ratio of 1:3 in the reactor and was compressed at a pressure of 200 to 500 atmospheres.
2. Gas mixture is then passed through a catalyst,iron powder at a tempeture of 450℃-550℃.The ammonia gas was produced.

Equation:N2+ H2→NH2.

                 

B)Preparation of ammonium fertilizers.

1.      Ammonium fertilizers is on of the chemical fertilizers  added to soil to replace the element used up by plants.The major nutrient include nitrogen,phosphorus,potasium and calcium.
2. Ammonium fertilizers can be prepared from the reaction between ammonia,NH4 and an acid.(neutralisation).ex. Ammonium sulphate,ammonium nitrate,ammonium phosphate.