APPLYING USES OF GLASS AND CERAMICS.

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CHAPTER 9-MANUFACTURED SUBSTANCE IN INDUSTRY.

9.1 UNDERSTANDING THE MENUFACTURED OF SULPHURIC OF ACID.

A)Main use of sulphuric acid.

→detergent,fertilisers,synthetic fibres,leather tanning,electrolyte in car batteries and paints.

B)The process to producing sulphuric acid.

1. Manufactured through the contact process.
2. Involving 3 raw materials :sulphur,oxygen gas and water.
3. Sulphur is available from fossil fuels and sulphide ores.
4. The process was through 3 stages.

phase1:

Producing sulphur dioxide gas.

         S ⁺ O2 →S02

phase2:

Convert sulphur dioxide gas into sulphur trioxide gas with presence:

• vanadium(V)oxide
• temperature (450°C)
• pressure (1 atm)

         2SO2(g)  +O2(g) ⇋ 2SO3(g)

phase3:
Dissolving sulphur trioxide into concentrated sulphuric acid to formed oleum,

         SO3  +  H2SO4 ⟶  H2S2O7(oleum)
                                         *Oleum,H2S2O7 is sulphuric acid in high concentration.
Oleum then diluted with water to produce sulphuric acid.
       H2O + H2S2O7 ⟶ 2H2SO4(sulphuric acid).
Sulphur trioxide gas is not directly dissolve in water as a lot of heat is produced(exothermic) in the reaction.Acid vapour are formed instead of liquid.


For more detail: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfuric_acid

C)Sulphur dioxide and environmental pollution.

1.  Sulphur dioxide is one of the by products of the contact process and can cause enviromental pollution.
2. Burning of petrol in cars also releases sulphur dioxide.
3. Enviromental pollution by sulphur dioxide:

          -Air Pollution

• Wind carries the pollutants around the globe
• SO2 causes respiratory problems in humans.
• SO2 reacts with water and oxygen to form acid rain. 

             Chemical reaction:

              reacts with water

              2SO2 + H2O → H2SO3(sulphurous acid)

              reacts with oxygen

             2SO2 + O2 ⇌ 2SO3(sulphur trioxide)

             when sulphur trioxide dissolves in rainwater,sulphuric acid formed also causes acid rain.

             SO3 + H2O → H2SO4

  The impact of acid rain on the enviroment is as follows:

       -acid rain corroded buildings and metal structure.

       -acid rain flows into lakes and rivers,causing lakes and rivers became acidic.

       -causing death of aquatic organism.

       -acid rain causes pH of the soil decreases,salts are leached out of the top soil and roots of         

         tree are destroyed(harmful for plant).